Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques

Japanese candlestick charting is an ancient Eastern technical analysis technique that originated in 17th century Japan, initially used for rice trading. This technique was later introduced to the stock market, futures, and foreign exchange markets and became an important tool in technical analysis. Candlestick charts display the opening, highest, lowest, and closing prices of the market over a specific time period, thus aiding in analyzing market trends and predicting price movements.

Here are some basic Japanese candlestick patterns and their meanings:

1. **Hammer and Hanging Man**: The hammer, characterized by its long lower shadow, signals a potential end to a downtrend; the hanging man appears during an uptrend and may indicate the end of market movement.
2. **Engulfing Pattern (Harami)**: Consists of two candlesticks of opposite colors, where the second candlestick's body must cover the first one's body, signaling an important reversal.
3. **Harami Pattern**: Opposite to the engulfing pattern, the harami pattern has a large body followed by a smaller body, which is contained within the large body, often marking a change in market trend.
4. **Belt Hold Line**: A bullish belt hold is a strong white candlestick that opens at its lowest point of the day; a bearish belt hold is a long black candlestick opening at its highest point of the day.
5. **Upward Gap Two Crows**: Consisting of a long white body followed by two small black bodies, it is a bearish pattern.
6. **Three Black Crows**: Three consecutive declining black candlesticks, if appearing at high price levels, may indicate an impending price drop.
7. **Counterattack Lines**: Two opposite colored candlesticks with the same closing price form a counterattack pattern, signifying a reversal.
8. **Three Mountains and Three Rivers**: Often form major top reversal processes, if the market fails to break through a certain high price position three times, it results in a Three Mountains pattern.
9. **Round Top and Bottom Formations**: The market gradually forms an upward or downward arc, usually accompanied by small bodies, indicating a reversal signal.
10. **Window**: In an upward trend, a window can serve as a reference for buying, and the opposite in a downward trend.
11. **Doji Lines**: In markets where doji lines are rare, they hold significant importance, especially following an uptrend, possibly signaling that a top is near.

Steve Nison is a technical analysis master who systematically introduced Japanese candlestick charting to the West. His work, "Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques", has provided a comprehensive and practical explanation of candlestick charting techniques, impacting traders and investors in the global financial markets profoundly.

The investment logic behind Japanese candlestick charting is the depiction of the tug-of-war between buyers and sellers, showing changes in the balance of power. By observing the changes between bullish and bearish sentiments, investors can infer the future direction of the market. The recognition and application of candlestick patterns need to be combined with the specific context of the market and other technical analysis tools for making more accurate trading decisions.